The Internet has become an integral part of life. Today you can connect to it through radio channels, communication satellites, cable TV, cellular communications, fiber-optic and telephone wires. But once only a few computers had access to the network.
At the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, the US Department of Defense began developing a reliable computer-based information transmission system, which was to become a trump card in the event of hostilities.
The network was developed by the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of California at Santa Barbara, Stanford University and the University of Utah. The first working model was called ARPANET. It has united all the indicated universities.
The era of ARPANET
Subsequently, the network began to actively develop and grow. Many scientists and entrepreneurs are interested in it. In 1971, the first program for sending e-mail was born.
In 1973, for the first time, it was possible to connect to computers located in other countries. They were Norway and Great Britain. The connection was made via a transatlantic telephone cable.
In the 1970s, the first mailing lists, message boards, and newsgroups emerged. However, at that time, ARPANET could not function properly and interoperate with other networks using different technical standards.
In the late 70s, data transfer protocols began to be actively developed, the standardization of which fell on 1983. John Postel took an active role in this process.
On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET switched from NCP to TCP / IP, which is still a part of networking today. It was during this time that the ARPANET officially began to be called the "Internet".
The era of NSFNet
In 1984, the Unified Domain Name System (DNS) appeared, and it was in 1984 that ARPANET had its first serious competitor - NSFNet, developed by the US Science Foundation. It consisted of many smaller networks and had much more bandwidth. More than 10,000 computers were connected to this network in one year, and the name "Internet" began to move to NSFNet.
In 1988, the IRC protocol was developed to allow real-time messaging. This was a major step in the development of the Internet.
In 1989, the concept of the world wide web was born. It was suggested by Tim Berners-Lee, who over the course of 2 years has developed the HTTP protocol, URL IDs, and HTML. Already in 1990, the ARPANET completely lost out to NSFNet and ceased to exist.
In 1993, the first NCSA Mosaic Internet browser appeared, and in 1995, network providers began to deal with traffic routing, rather than the computers of the US Science Foundation.
